How to grow chrysanthemum
Overview
Chrysanthemum indicum is a herbaceous perennial grown for its colourful autumn flowers and aromatic foliage. It thrives in full sun with consistent moisture and benefits from regular pinching to maintain a compact, bushy shape.
Varieties
- Chrysanthemum 'Autumn Queen' — A reliable Australian hybrid with large, deep bronze flowers and excellent frost tolerance.
- Chrysanthemum 'Golden Orb' — Compact, golden-yellow pompon variety ideal for pots and borders.
- Chrysanthemum 'White Daisy' — Classic single white flower with a yellow centre, very popular in cut-flower gardens.
Soil Preparation
Chrysanthemums prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–7.0) that is rich in organic matter. Work in well-rotted compost or aged manure before planting. Ensure the soil drains freely to prevent root rot.
Growing Guide
Plant chrysanthemums in well-drained soil in a position that receives at least 6 hours of direct sun daily. Space plants 30–45 cm apart to allow good air circulation. Set the crown at soil level and water in well. Pinch out growing tips every 2–3 weeks from spring until early summer to encourage branching and more flower buds. Apply a light mulch to keep roots cool and suppress weeds.
Sowing
Sow seed 3 mm deep in seed-raising mix, keep moist and warm (18–22°C). Germination takes 7–14 days. Transplant seedlings when 10 cm tall. For best results, buy named cultivars from cuttings or divisions.
Care
Feed monthly with a balanced liquid fertiliser (e.g., 10-10-10) during active growth. After flowering in late autumn, cut stems back to 10 cm and apply a light layer of compost or mulch. In cool zones, lift and store tubers over winter.
Companion Planting
Chrysanthemums pair well with asters, daisies, and other late-flowering perennials like sedum and rudbeckia. Avoid planting near walnuts or allelopathic trees that may inhibit growth.
Common Pests & Risks
Aphids and thrips can distort new growth and buds; spray with a fine horticultural oil or pyrethrum at first sign. Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew and rust appear in humid conditions; improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Remove affected leaves promptly.
Troubleshooting
Yellow leaves: overwatering or poor drainage; reduce water and improve soil. Brown edges on leaves: underwatering or salt burn; water deeply and flush soil. Stunted growth: lack of pinching or low light; pinch tips and move to sunnier spot. Powdery mildew: high humidity; space plants and apply fungicide. No flowers: too much nitrogen or late pruning; switch to low-nitrogen fertiliser and stop pinching after early summer.