How to grow foxglove
Overview
Foxglove (Digitalis purpurea) is a short-lived herbaceous biennial grown for its tall, dramatic flower spikes in shades of pink, purple, and white. It is a classic cottage-garden plant that adds vertical structure to borders and is valued for its ability to self-seed in cool-season gardens.
Varieties
- Digitalis purpurea 'Foxy' — A compact, early-flowering strain reaching 60–90 cm, ideal for small gardens and pots.
- Digitalis purpurea 'Camelot' — A reliable F1 hybrid that flowers in its first year from early sowing, with strong spikes in pink, lavender, and white.
- Digitalis purpurea 'Excelsior' — The classic tall strain with flowers held all around the stem, reaching 1.5 m. Good for cutting.
Soil Preparation
Foxglove prefers rich, well-drained soil with a pH of 6.0–7.0. Amend with well-rotted compost or aged manure before planting to improve moisture retention. Avoid heavy clay that stays wet; if needed, plant in raised beds or mounds.
Growing Guide
Sow foxglove seed directly into prepared beds in late spring to early summer for flowers the following year. Space plants 30–45 cm apart in rich, well-drained soil with part shade. Avoid harsh afternoon sun in temperate zones; full sun is acceptable in cool climates. Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged, especially during the first year of rosette growth. In warm weather, plants may bolt to seed quickly, so time sowing for autumn in Mediterranean zones.
Sowing
Sow seed on the surface of fine, moist seed-raising mix; do not cover as light aids germination. Germination takes 14–21 days at 15–20°C. Thin seedlings to 30 cm apart. Direct sow is easiest, but transplanting is fine if done when rosettes are small.
Care
Feed with a balanced liquid fertiliser every 4–6 weeks during active growth in the first year. Cut back spent flower spikes after the main bloom to encourage a second flush of smaller flowers. Stake tall flower stalks in exposed positions to prevent wind damage.
Companion Planting
Foxglove pairs well with ferns, hostas, and hellebores in shaded borders, and with roses and delphiniums in full-sun cottage gardens. Avoid planting near heavy feeders like sweet corn or tomatoes, which may compete for moisture. Its tall spikes also benefit from being backed by shrubs or a fence.
Common Pests & Risks
Aphids may cluster on new growth and flower buds; spray with a strong jet of water or use insecticidal soap. Fungal leaf spots (e.g., Septoria) appear in humid weather; improve air circulation and remove affected leaves. Slugs and snails can damage young rosettes; use iron-based pellets or beer traps.
Harvesting
Foxglove is not typically harvested for use; it is grown for ornament. If collecting seed, cut flower spikes when the lower seed capsules turn brown and begin to split. Store seeds in a cool, dry place for up to two years.
Troubleshooting
Yellow lower leaves: overwatering or poor drainage; reduce watering and improve soil. Stunted growth: lack of nutrients; feed with a balanced fertiliser. Powdery mildew on leaves: too much shade or poor air circulation; move to a sunnier spot. Flower spikes flop over: not staked or too much wind; stake early. Plants bolt to seed in first year: heat stress or dry soil; keep cool and moist.