How to grow frangipani
Overview
Frangipani (Plumeria rubra) is a deciduous tropical tree grown for its fragrant, colourful flowers and sculptural form. It demands warm, frost-free conditions and excellent drainage. Overwatering is the most common mistake — let the soil dry out between waterings.
Varieties
- Singapore White — Pure white flowers with a strong fragrance; very popular in Australian gardens.
- Kauka Wilder — Vibrant yellow blooms that hold colour well in warm climates.
- Madonna — White petals with a bright yellow centre; a classic variety for lei making.
- Divine — Deep pink flowers with a rich fragrance; compact growth suitable for smaller gardens.
Soil Preparation
Frangipani prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–7.0) with exceptional drainage. For clay soils, incorporate coarse sand, gravel, or pumice to a depth of 30–40 cm. In pots, use a free-draining cactus or succulent mix. Never use heavy water‑retentive potting blends.
Growing Guide
Plant frangipani in full sun in well-draining soil; if your soil is heavy, amend with coarse sand or pumice. Space trees 3–5 m apart to allow for mature spread. For cuttings, bury them one-third of their length in spring and water very sparingly until roots form. Once established, water deeply but infrequently. In cooler subtropical areas, plant against a north-facing wall for extra warmth.
Care
Feed in early spring with a slow-release fertiliser high in phosphorus (e.g., 10-30-10) to encourage flowering. Prune after flowering ends to remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches, and to shape the canopy. Apply a light layer of mulch in summer but keep it away from the trunk to prevent rot.
Companion Planting
Underplant frangipani with succulents like portulaca, agave, or bromeliads that also prefer dry, sunny conditions. Avoid planting near thirsty plants that need frequent irrigation, as constant moisture will harm frangipani roots.
Common Pests & Risks
Frangipani rust (caused by Coleosporium plumeriae) appears as orange pustules on leaf undersides; remove affected leaves and apply a copper fungicide. Scale insects and mealybugs can be treated with horticultural oil or soap spray. Maintain good air circulation by pruning dense growth to reduce disease pressure.
Troubleshooting
Yellow leaves with drooping: overwatering or poor drainage; reduce watering and improve soil aeration. Orange pustules on leaf undersides: frangipani rust; remove infected leaves and apply copper fungicide. Sparse or no flowers: too much nitrogen or insufficient sun; switch to a phosphorus-rich fertiliser and ensure full sun. Leaves dropping in cool weather: normal dormancy; protect from frost by moving pots indoors or covering. Brittle stems snapping in wind: stake young trees and avoid overwatering which weakens wood.