Plant Library kangaroo apple
Shrub · Full Sun

How to grow kangaroo apple

Solanum aviculare
kangaroo apple
Photo: Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
☀️
Full Sun
Sun
💧
Low
Water
📐
150–250 cm
Spacing
🌾
240–300 days
Days to harvest

Overview

Kangaroo apple (Solanum aviculare) is a fast-growing, short-lived shrub native to eastern Australia and New Zealand. It is grown for its ornamental yellow flowers and edible orange fruit, which must be fully ripe to avoid toxicity. It thrives in full sun and well-drained soil.

Soil Preparation

Prefers well-drained sandy loam with pH 6.0–7.0. Add compost before planting; avoid heavy clay or waterlogged sites. Mulch to retain moisture but keep away from stem.

Growing Guide

Plant in full sun with well-drained soil; space 1–1.5 m apart. Sow seed 5 mm deep in spring or early autumn, or transplant seedlings after frost. Water regularly until established, then reduce to moderate. It grows quickly and benefits from a light prune after fruiting to maintain shape.

Sowing

Sow seed 5 mm deep in seed trays or direct in spring (temperate) or autumn (subtropical). Germinates in 10–14 days at 20–25°C. Transplant when 10 cm tall; space 1 m apart.

Care

Feed with a balanced slow-release fertiliser in early spring. Prune after harvest to remove old wood and shape; replace every 2–3 years as it is short-lived. No staking needed.

Companion Planting

Grow with native shrubs like lomandra and callistemon for habitat. Avoid planting near potatoes or tomatoes to reduce risk of shared pests like potato beetles.

Common Pests & Risks

Watch for potato beetles (Leptinotarsa juncta) on leaves; handpick or use neem oil. Aphids and whitefly may appear in humid conditions; control with insecticidal soap or strong water spray.

Harvesting

Harvest fruit when fully ripe and bright orange, typically 4–6 months after flowering. The fruit splits easily when soft; pick by hand and use immediately. Unripe green fruit is highly toxic and must not be eaten.

In the Kitchen

Use fully ripe orange fruit raw in jams, chutneys, or desserts. It has a mild sweet flavour; store in fridge for up to 1 week. Do not eat green fruit.

Troubleshooting

Yellow leaves: overwatering or poor drainage; reduce water and improve soil. Brown leaf edges: wind or salt burn; shelter or move. Fruit not ripening: cool weather or shade; move to sun. Stunted growth: poor soil; add compost. Potato beetles: handpick or neem oil.

Planting Calendar

Climate zone
Sow
Transplant
Harvest
Temperate Melbourne · Adelaide · coastal NSW · most of NZ
Sep–Nov
Oct–Dec
Feb–Apr
Mediterranean Perth · Eyre Peninsula
Mar–May
Apr–Jun
Aug–Oct
Subtropical Brisbane · coastal QLD · northern NSW · Auckland
Mar–May
Apr–Jun
Aug–Oct

Common Questions

How long does kangaroo apple take to grow?
It grows quickly, reaching 1–2 m in 6–12 months, and fruits in 4–6 months from seed.
Can kangaroo apple grow in a pot?
Yes, in a 30–40 cm pot with well-drained soil; water regularly and fertilise lightly.
When should I plant kangaroo apple in Australia?
In temperate zones, sow in spring (Sep–Nov); in subtropical zones, sow in autumn (Mar–May).
How much water does kangaroo apple need?
Low to moderate; water weekly until established, then reduce to every 2–3 weeks in dry periods.
Is kangaroo apple toxic?
Yes, unripe green fruit is highly toxic; only eat when fully ripe and orange.
What companions grow well with kangaroo apple?
Native shrubs like lomandra and callistemon; avoid potatoes and tomatoes to reduce pest risk.
How do I prune kangaroo apple?
Prune after harvest to remove old wood and shape; cut back by one-third. Replace every 2–3 years.
What soil is best for kangaroo apple?
Well-drained sandy loam with pH 6.0–7.0; add compost before planting.
Can kangaroo apple survive frost?
It tolerates light frost (to -2°C) but needs protection in heavy frost; grow in temperate or subtropical zones.
How do I harvest kangaroo apple?
Harvest when fruit is bright orange and soft; pick by hand. Use immediately or store in fridge.

Quick Facts

Sun Full Sun
Water Low
Spacing 150–250 cm
Days to harvest 240–300
Frost tolerance Medium

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