How to grow birds nest fern
Overview
Birds nest fern (Asplenium nidus) is an epiphytic herbaceous fern grown for its large, glossy, undivided fronds that form a rosette. It thrives in humid, shaded positions and is ideal for adding lush texture to sheltered garden beds or as a specimen on logs and tree trunks.
Varieties
- Asplenium nidus 'Crispy Wave' — A compact cultivar with wavy-edged fronds, popular in Australian nurseries for its neat form.
- Asplenium nidus 'Victoria' — A larger-growing variety with broader fronds, suited to humid subtropical gardens.
Soil Preparation
Use a loose, well-draining mix rich in organic matter, such as orchid bark, peat, or coir, with a pH of 5.5–6.5. Ensure excellent drainage to prevent root rot. If planting in the ground, amend heavy clay with compost and coarse sand.
Growing Guide
Position birds nest fern in dappled or part shade, avoiding harsh afternoon sun. Plant in a well-draining organic mix, such as orchid bark or coir, and keep the root zone consistently moist but not waterlogged. Space plants 30–50 cm apart to allow for frond spread. In cooler temperate zones, provide protection from frost by growing under a veranda or in a sheltered spot.
Care
Feed every 4–6 weeks during spring and summer with a diluted liquid fern fertiliser. Remove old, damaged fronds by cutting at the base with clean secateurs. Avoid repotting or disturbing the root ball, as the fern is sensitive to transplant shock.
Companion Planting
Pair with other shade-loving epiphytes like staghorn ferns and elkhorn ferns, or plant alongside hostas and bromeliads in a moist, sheltered bed. Avoid placing near plants that require full sun or dry soil, as birds nest fern needs constant humidity.
Common Pests & Risks
Scale insects can cluster on the undersides of fronds; treat with a horticultural oil spray. Snails and slugs may chew new growth, especially in damp weather—hand pick or use iron-based pellets. Keep the area clean to reduce hiding spots.
Troubleshooting
Yellowing fronds: usually from overwatering or poor drainage—let the mix dry slightly between waterings. Brown crispy edges: caused by low humidity or direct sun—move to a shadier spot. Stunted growth: often from lack of fertiliser or a pot-bound root system—feed regularly and repot every 2–3 years. Black spots on fronds: fungal infection from wet foliage—improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering.