How to grow staghorn fern
Overview
Staghorn fern (Platycerium superbum) is an epiphytic fern native to eastern Australia, grown for its large, antler-like fronds that create a dramatic living display. It thrives when mounted on a board or tree trunk in filtered light, requiring no soil but regular moisture and humidity.
Soil Preparation
Staghorn fern does not grow in soil; it is an epiphyte. Mount it on a board or tree with a pad of sphagnum moss, composted bark, or a mix of coarse orchid bark and peat. The medium should be open and well-draining, with a pH around 5.5–6.5. No garden soil or potting mix should be used.
Growing Guide
Mount staghorn fern on a hardwood board or directly onto a tree trunk using wire or nylon ties, with a pad of sphagnum moss or composted bark between the fern and mount. Position in dappled shade or morning sun only, avoiding harsh afternoon light. Water by soaking the mount thoroughly once a week in warm months and every two weeks in cooler weather. Space mounts at least 60 cm apart to allow frond spread. Do not overwater the root zone; let the mount dry slightly between soaks.
Care
Feed monthly during spring and summer with a dilute liquid fertiliser (half strength) or apply slow-release pellets on the mount. Remove dead or brown shield fronds at the base to improve airflow and reduce pest habitat. Mist the fronds regularly in dry weather, especially under eaves or indoors.
Companion Planting
Good companions include other epiphytic ferns such as birds nest fern and elkhorn fern, which share similar light and moisture needs. Avoid planting near vigorous groundcovers or dense shrubs that may block airflow or compete for moisture on the mount.
Common Pests & Risks
Scale insects and mealybugs can infest the fronds, especially in dry or dusty conditions. Control with a soft brush and a spray of horticultural oil or neem oil, applied in the evening. Overwatering can lead to root rot or fungal spots on the shield fronds.
Troubleshooting
Brown frond tips: cause is low humidity or too much direct sun. Increase misting or move to more shade. Yellow shield fronds: cause is overwatering or poor drainage on the mount. Let the mount dry out more between soaks. Stunted growth: cause is insufficient feeding. Apply a balanced liquid fertiliser monthly in warm months. Scale insects: cause is dry air or dusty conditions. Brush off and spray with neem oil. Fronds not forming: cause is too little light. Move to a brighter spot with dappled shade.