How to grow birds of paradise
Overview
Birds of paradise (Strelitzia reginae) is a clump-forming herbaceous perennial grown for its bold, paddle-shaped leaves and striking orange-and-blue flower heads that resemble a crane in flight. It is a long-lived architectural plant that needs warmth, space, and excellent drainage to perform at its best.
Varieties
- Strelitzia reginae — The classic orange-and-blue flowered form, most widely grown in Australian gardens.
- Strelitzia reginae 'Mandela's Gold' — A rare yellow-flowered cultivar with golden-orange blooms, suited to warm, sheltered spots.
Soil Preparation
Birds of paradise prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 6.0–7.0) that is rich in organic matter but free-draining. Add coarse sand or gravel to heavy clay soils before planting. A 5 cm layer of well-rotted manure or compost worked into the top 20 cm improves establishment.
Growing Guide
Plant birds of paradise in a position that receives morning sun with afternoon shade, or dappled light all day. Space clumps 1–1.5 m apart to allow for their eventual spread of 2 m. Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball, backfill with well-draining soil amended with compost, and water in well. Do not plant deeper than the original pot level. In cooler zones, position against a north-facing wall for frost protection.
Sowing
Seeds are slow to germinate (4–8 weeks) and require soaking in warm water for 24 hours before sowing. Sow 1 cm deep in a seed-raising mix, keep at 20–25°C, and provide bottom heat. Direct sowing is not recommended; start in pots and transplant when 15 cm tall.
Care
Feed in early spring with a slow-release native or balanced fertiliser, then again in late summer after flowering. Cut spent flower stems to the base and remove old, yellowing leaves to keep the clump tidy. Divide congested clumps every 3–4 years in spring to maintain vigour.
Companion Planting
Pair with other tropical-style plants such as cordyline, canna lily, philodendron, or heliconia for a lush, layered effect. Avoid planting near shallow-rooted trees that compete for moisture, or in spots where strong winds can shred the leaves.
Common Pests & Risks
Scale insects and mealybugs can cluster on leaf undersides and stems. Treat with a horticultural oil or neem oil spray in early spring. Snails and slugs may damage new growth; control with iron-based pellets or beer traps.
Troubleshooting
Yellow leaves: overwatering or poor drainage — reduce watering and check soil. Brown leaf edges: low humidity or salt burn — flush soil with fresh water and increase air flow. No flowers: insufficient light or too much nitrogen — move to brighter spot and use a low-nitrogen fertiliser. Leaf splitting: normal in mature plants, but excessive in young plants indicates wind damage — shelter with a screen. Stunted growth: rootbound in a pot — repot or divide every 3–4 years.