How to grow zz plant
Overview
Zamioculcas zamiifolia, commonly known as the ZZ plant, is a herbaceous perennial from the Araceae family, native to eastern Africa. It is grown primarily for its striking, glossy dark green foliage and its exceptional tolerance of low light and drought. A key thing to know is that it is not a true outdoor garden plant in most climates; it thrives as a container specimen in sheltered, warm positions.
Varieties
- Zamioculcas zamiifolia 'Raven' — A striking black-leaved cultivar with near-black new growth that matures to deep green, popular in Australian nurseries.
Soil Preparation
Use a well-draining potting mix with a pH of 6.0–7.0. A mix of 2 parts standard potting soil, 1 part perlite, and 1 part coarse sand or orchid bark works well. Ensure the pot has drainage holes; avoid heavy clay or water-retentive soils.
Growing Guide
ZZ plants are best grown in containers in a well-drained potting mix, positioned in part shade or bright indirect light. Avoid direct afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves. Plant rhizomes or divisions at the same depth they were in the original pot, spacing them 30–40 cm apart in a large container. Water sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings. In subtropical and tropical zones, they can be grown outdoors in a protected, shaded bed, but must be brought in if temperatures drop below 10°C.
Care
Feed with a balanced liquid fertiliser (e.g., 10-10-10) every 2–3 months during the growing season (spring to autumn). Prune only to remove yellow or damaged leaves at the base; no heavy trimming is needed. Wipe leaves with a damp cloth every few weeks to remove dust and improve photosynthesis.
Companion Planting
ZZ plants pair well with other low-maintenance, shade-tolerant houseplants such as snake plant (Sansevieria), pothos (Epipremnum), and peace lily (Spathiphyllum). Avoid planting near sun-loving or moisture-demanding plants like tomatoes or basil, as the watering needs conflict.
Common Pests & Risks
Scale insects and mealybugs can infest ZZ plants, especially on leaf undersides and stems. Treat with a soft cloth dipped in soapy water or apply horticultural oil. Root rot is the most common disease, caused by overwatering; ensure pots have drainage holes and use a free-draining mix.
Troubleshooting
Yellow leaves: usually caused by overwatering or poor drainage; let soil dry out completely before next water. Brown leaf tips: often from low humidity or dry air; mist occasionally or place on a pebble tray. Drooping stems: typically a sign of underwatering; water thoroughly and check soil moisture. Leaf spots: can be from sunburn; move to a shadier spot. Stunted growth: may indicate rootbound plant; repot into a larger container every 2–3 years.